| Study
Guide for Test Part I. Important names and Topics from the previous 2/3s of the Course. |
| 1st Pompeian Style | Legion |
| 1st, 2nd, 3rd war with Carthage | Lepidus |
| 2nd Pompeian Style | Livia (Augustus’ wife) |
| 3rd Pompeian Style | Livius Andronicus |
| Aeneas | Lucretia |
| Aeneas as 2nd Hercules | Lucretius |
| Aesculapius | Lucilius |
| Agrippa | Maecenas |
| Altar of Peace | Marc Antony |
| Anchises | Marcellus |
| Ares | Marius |
| Art of Love by Ovid | Mars |
| Auctoritas (personal Authority) of Augustus | Mercury, |
| Augustus | Metamorphoses of Ovid. |
| Bath | Minerva |
| Battle of Actium | Minerva, |
| Callimachus | Moral legislation of Augustus |
| Campius Martius | Mosaics |
| Cardo | Neoterics |
| Carthage | Neptune, |
| Castrum | New Comedy |
| Cataline | New Man |
| Cato the Censor | Numa |
| Catullus | Numa, |
| Centuriate Assembly | Octavian |
| Ceres | Optimate |
| Cicero | palaestra |
| Cleopatra | Pallas |
| Client-Patron relationship | Pastoral poetry |
| Clodia (= Lesbia) | Patria potestas (power of the father) |
| Constituional settlements of 27-23 B.C. | Patricians |
| Consul | Peristyle |
| Crassus | Plautus |
| Cybele, | Plebians |
| Daphnis | Pompey |
| Death of Pallas, | Popularis |
| Death of Remus | Portius Cato |
| Decumanus | Prima Porta Augustus |
| Deeds of the Deified Augustus | Princeps |
| Descent into the Under-world by Aeneas. | Propertius |
| Diana, | proscriptions |
| Dictator | province |
| Dido, | Publicani |
| Dream of Scipio. | Quirinus |
| Egypt | Rape of Sabine women |
| Emperor Worship | rhetoric |
| Epicureans | Roman citizenship |
| Epicurus’ Swerve | Roman Tribes |
| Etruscans | Rutulians |
| Fire at Rome (Nero) | Sabines |
| First Triumvirate | Sallust |
| Forum | Satire |
| Forum of Julius Caesar | Second Triumvate |
| Gaius a nd Tiberius Gracchus | Senate |
| Georgics | Shield of Aeneas |
| Hannibal | Sibyl |
| Haunted House | Sicily |
| Hellenistic | stocism |
| Hercules | Stoics |
| Horace’s Odes | Suicide of Dido |
| hypocaust | Sulla |
| impluvium | Tablinum |
| Iulus | Tarquin the Proud |
| Janus | Temple of Mars Ultor |
| Jugurtha | The struggle of the orders |
| Julia (daughter of Augustus) | Tribune |
| Julius Caesar | triclinium |
| Juno | Troy |
| Jupiter, | Turnus |
| Juturna | Twelve Tables |
| knights (equites) | Venus |
| Latinus, | Verginia (attempted Rape of) |
| Latium | Verism |
| Legends of Romulus and Remus | Veto |
| Legion | Vulcan |
| Know: How varied was the population of early Italy, the Etruscan and Greek influence on Rome in arts, literature and politics; the basic legends of early Rome; how the early Roman state grew through the use of citizenship, colonies, good treatment of the conquered; about the early Centuriate assembly; about the struggle between Plebians and Patricians and its outcome; how the early Roman empire almost grew by accident due to wars with Carthage, then by getting involved in the wars between Greek and Hellenistic states, then more deliberately as a result of the needs of warlord politicians like Sulla, Pompey and Caesar. Know how Senate showed leadership in war with Hannibal’ Know the defects of the late republic, both political and economic, that made it finally fall; know the roles of the Gracchi brothers, Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Cataline and Caesar in this process; know what was radical about office of tribune;. Know the basic features that define populares vs. optimates. Know the problems of ‘new men’. How Marius changed Roman army, and how leaders like Sulla and Caesar exploited this change; how Senatorial actions lead to the First Triumvirate and what caused it dissolution; how the reforms of Julius Caesar and what got him killed; about proscriptions, why leaders conducted them, who profited, and the dangers they posed to a stable state; how Octavian became Augustus, how he consolidated his position, defeated Antony and Cleopatra and created one-man rule under the guise of restoring the old republic (think of how he took no powers that were unknown to the old constitution, yet taking then together gave him huge power; . what powers he gave up, what powers he kept and why. Know how he changed imperial administration, and his problems with succession; what his moral legislation was trying to do and why and how it failed. Know what happened to his daughter Julia Know how the public weariness with civil wars, the decimation of leading families, the small number of people who remembered a living republic, the great amount of money he got from Egypt, his long rule all contributed to Augustus’ success. Know how Julius Caesar was declared a god, and how, at least the more Eastern Provinces, Augustus was worshipped also as a god, and became a god at Rome son after his death; how Augustus, through Maecenas, sponsored a number of Roman poets. |
KNOW BASIC ROMAN GODS and how Roman myth differ from Greek myth; the emphasis on ritual in Roman religion, how they borrowed many gods; how powerful is the Roman father, the quality of life for Roman women, especially in Empire; the relationship between the Roman Father and Son, the varied status of slaves. Know basic beliefs of Stoics and Epicureans, and how many Romans in a later period worshipped Eastern Gods |
| The authors. Plautus: Know How the Haunted House shows father son tension, and a comforting resolution of real social tensions, how it shows the practice of slavery and debt. Know how Plautus recycled Greek New Comedies.Lucretius. Know how he supports Epicurean ideals, what he puts such stress on physics and explanations of nature, his attitude toward death, the gods and human pleasure and the desire for fortune and fame. Cicero. Know what is attitude is toward the education of a rhetorician, how he supported conservative causes, how he was able to win cases. Know of his feud with Clodius and Clodia. What is Cicero’s ideal of a citizen? Of government? What does Cicero think Natural Law stems from? The role of Reason? Know how the stoics believe the whole universe is alive. Know his views on hierarchy and why he attacks Epicurean views. Catullus what aspects of Hellenistic Greek literature influenced Neoterics like Catullus? How does Catullus reveal his own personality? What does he tell us about his love affair with Lesbia? How does he seem to defy Roman morality? How does he describe the life of the educated elite of his day? How does he show his interest and passion for literature? Sallust. Know about his description of party strife at Rome, the arrogance and evil of the optimates (which Jugurtha exposed) and the causes of Cataline’s attempt at revolution. Vergil Know how Vergil recycled Greek poetry, especially Hellenistic poetry and Homer. Know how the Georgics both supports Augustus desire to improve both morals and agriculture, borrows from Aratus, Hesiod and Nicander (among others), and also probes the question, important for the Aeneid too, about how good or bad life is, and why the gods allow such suffering among man. How does the knowledge of the patterns of the stars and the seasons fit into the idea of a universal stoic law governing all things? Know basic story of Vergil's Aeneid. Know how Vergil is sponsored by Augustus Caesar and how Vergil both praises the new empire and yet shows very grave doubts about the cost of this new empire Be able to describe how Trojan Aeneas becomes Roman Aeneas; how Anchises is Aeneas' conscience, how Dido and Turnus illustrate Furor (= passionate madness); know Aeneas’ failure with Dido and at the funeral games of Anchises, and in the underworld changes him. Note how the second half of the Aeneid is like the Iliad and the significance of Aeneas losing control of himself. Describe the connection between the wars that Aeneas fights and the Roman Civil war and what Augustus was trying to do after it. Why does the Aeneid end with Aeneas killing a Turnus who is begging for mercy? Horace Know why some consider satire as a genre a Roman invention, and the role Lucilius, its founder played. How are Horace’s Satires like those of Lucilius? How does Horace look back to Greek Archaic and early Classical poetry (for example Pindar and Alcaeus) in composing his Odes?. How does Horace show a pro-Augustus attitudes?. How is he also something of a Epicurean? What sort of melancholy is present in Horace’s Odes? How is he different from Catullus in describing love affairs? PropertiusWhat does Propertius mean that he is a Callimachean? How is Cynthia? like Lesbia? How is Propertius both pro-and-anti-Augustan? How is his attitude toward love different from that of Catullus and Horace. Ovid How is Ovid also like Propertius? How do both Ovid and Propertius convey the unconventional life of the smart set at Rome? Why was Ovid exiled? What are some of the themes of his poetry? What is the full significance of his use of the theme of metamorphosis? Why did poems like the Loves, the Art of Love, and the Remedy for Love get him into trouble? Livy. Know of his ‘smooth’ style, his attitude toward the truth of Roman history. |
| In Art Be able to distinguish between the first, second and third Pompeian wall styles. Know how some Roman Towns evolved out of a Roman camp and what a cardo and decumanus is, what is a forum and what kind of buildings are found in it, what a basilica is, what are some basic parts of a Roman bath and what was done within such a bath (not just bathing!). Know how the verism of the earlier republic was supplanted by a more ideal style in time of Augustus. Know significance of sculptural program of Altar of Peace. Know some of the basic components of a Roman forum. Know what was done in Roman bath besides bathing. Know basic parts of a Roman temple. Know how Romans used the arch and concrete. Know what a mosaic is. Know about such items as the Roman triumphal arch, the aqueduct, Roman roads, the basilica, the amphitheater. |
| Study Guide for material since last
test. Some important names, topics for the Last Third of the Class. |
| 4th Pompeian Wall Style | Isis |
| Antinoos | In this sign you will conquer |
| Antonius Pius | Jerome |
| Apollodorus of Damascus | Inflation of Money |
| Apuelius | Jesus |
| Arians | Julian the Apostate |
| Alaric | Juvenal |
| Attila the Hun | Leptis Magna |
| Augustine | limes (defensive line) |
| Barbarian Invasions | Letters of Pliny |
| Battle of Milvian Bridge | Marcus Aurelius |
| Barracks Room Emperors | Market of Trajan |
| Byzantine Empire | Martial |
| Baths of Caracala | Meditations (Of Marcus Aurelius) |
| Baths of Diocletian | Messalina |
| Basilica | Mausoleum of Hadrian |
| Bread and Circuses | martyrs |
| Caracalla | monks |
| Burrus | Mithraism |
| Capri | Metamorphoses (of Apuleius) |
| Coloni | New Testament |
| Caracalla | Nicomedia |
| Church Concils | Nicean Creed |
| Claudius | Neo-Platonism |
| Colsseum | Odoacer |
| Column of Trajan | Persecution of Christians by Nero, Diocleitian. |
| Commodus | Petronius |
| Confessions (of St. Augustine) | polychrome mosaic |
| Constantinople | Philip the Arab |
| Constintine | Pliny the Elder |
| Cult of Antinoos | Pliny the Younger |
| Damnatio Memoriae | Pointed style |
| delatores | Poppea |
| Persecution of Christians by Nero, Decius, Diocletian | Praetorian Guard |
| Destruction of Jerusalem | Quintilian |
| Diocletian | Ravenna |
| Diocletian’s reorganization of Empire | Rhetoric, |
| Downfall of Western Empire | Romulus Augustulus |
| Diocletian’s Edict on Prices | Sarcophagus |
| Diocletian’s place at Split | Sejanus |
| Domitian | Seneca |
| Edict of Tolerance | Septimus Severus |
| Elegabalus | St. Anthony |
| Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius | St. Paul |
| First Five years of Neros’ Reign | Second Sophistic |
| Flavian Palace | Statue of Tetrarchs |
| Forum of Trajan | Tacitus |
| Forum of Trajan | Tetrarchy |
| Gaius Caesar (Caligula) | Theodosius |
| Galba | Tiberius |
| Gladiator | Timgad |
| Gnostics | Trajan |
| Golden House of Nero | Temple of Olympian Zeus |
| Hadrian | Trimalchio |
| Hadrian’s Villa | Vespasian |
| Hadrian’s Wall | Vesuvius |
| Honestiores | |
| Humiliores | |
| Insulae | |
| Isis |
| Know how Tiberius was in some ways a good emperor, what qualities caused his ruin at Rome; why inexperience and peculiar mentality caused the downfall of Caligula and Nero and Nero’s artistic interests and Golden House; about the informers (delators) and trials that marred the reigns of various emperors; the lessons of the Year of the Four Emperors; how Claudius created the beginnings of the imperial bureaucracy, which caused a lot of problems later;. the decreasing level of ‘Romanness’ in the government and army and how this caused changes in culture; how Galba fell through not indulging his troops; how Nerva avoided this problem by adopting Trajan; how emperors increasingly appointed Senators that were not even Italians; about Hadrian’s love of all things Greek, his artistic interests, his wanderings; the conquests of Trajan; why many pagans hated Christians, and how Diocletian thought that they were a threat to empire; how the period of the Barracks Room emperors nearly destroyed the empire and certainly impoverished it; how Diocletian tried to reform the Empire (new dioceses, the tetrarchy), and the effects of his reforms. how Constantine was converted and made Christianity an officially supported religion and how, by sponsoring Church Councils he helped keep Christianity from breaking into different sects; how imperial law makes increasing distinctions between the rich and poor; how heavy taxation, the exploitations of soldiers lead to a decline of urban life; how the Army of the later Roman empire were increasingly manned by near barbarians; Hadrian’s restless energy, his love of things Greek (a love shared by Nero) and his views on architecture; how the Colosseum and its games was part of the ‘bread and circuses’ that helped support the imperial administration; the importance of Constantine making Constantinople the new Capital of the Empire, how the capital had been at Ravenna and Nicomedia previously. Know about the final split of the Empire into Eastern and Western halves. |
| Know: how Tiberius and especially Nero set the precedent for lavish imperial palaces, capped perhaps by Hadrian’s villa; Tiberius’ love of the Hellenistic style; the later return of verism and, in the later empire, a drop-off of realistic styles of sculpture; the architectural innovations of the Golden House and such items as the Maritime theater of Hadrian’s villa. Know how the style of the frieze of Trajan’s column is different from the friezes on the Arch of Titus and the Altar of Peace. Know something about the new elaborate baths created by Trajan, Caracalla and Diocletian; the markets and Forum of Trajan, and how the problem of multiple levels and wide spaces was dealt with. Know how during height of empire lavish, cosmopolitan cities such as Ephesus, Timgad, Leptis Magna, etc. sprang up. |
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